chapter 4
Thinking about language
1. Notice the words in bold in the following sentence.
“The fire boy shovelled charcoal into the maw of the furnace with a great deal of clatter”. This is a phrase that is used in the specific context of an iron plant.
Pick out other such phrases and words from the story that are peculiar to the terminology of ironworks.
2. Mjolis is a card game of Sweden.
Name a few indoor games played in your region. ‘Chopar’ could be an example.
3.A crofter is a person who rents or owns a small farm especially in Scotland. Think of other uncommon terms for ‘a small farmer’ including those in your language.
### 1. Phrases and Words Specific to Ironworks Terminology
- **Forge:** Refers to a furnace or a hearth where metal is heated and shaped.
- **Blacksmith:** A person who works with iron, especially in forging it.
- **Hammer Stroke:** The forceful hits used to shape heated metal.
- **Anvil:** A heavy iron block used in the shaping of metal.
- **Ironmaster:** The manager or owner of an ironworks.
- **Furnace:** An enclosed structure for intense heating, particularly for melting metals.
- **Charcoal:** Used as fuel in the furnace for heating metal.
- **Bellows:** A device for blowing air into a furnace to increase the heat.
### 2. Indoor Games
- **Chess:** A strategic board game played worldwide.
- **Carrom:** A tabletop game popular in South Asia.
- **Ludo:** A board game derived from the Indian game Pachisi.
- **Scrabble:** A word game where players use letter tiles to create words on a board.
- **Dominoes:** A game played with rectangular tiles with dots representing numbers.
### 3. Uncommon Terms for 'Small Farmer'
- **Peasant:** A farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation.
- **Yeoman:** Historically, a small landowner and farmer in England.
- **Tenant Farmer:** A person who farms rented land.
- **Smallholder:** A person who owns or rents a small piece of land for farming.
- **Kulak:** A term used in Russia for a relatively affluent farmer owning a small farm.
- **Jajmani (जजमानी):** In some parts of India, this term refers to a small farmer who may also provide services to the community.
- **Bhoomihar (भूमिहार):** In some regions of India, this term is used for a small landowning farmer.
1. Notice the words in bold in the following sentence.
“The fire boy shovelled charcoal into the maw of the furnace with a great deal of clatter”. This is a phrase that is used in the specific context of an iron plant.
Pick out other such phrases and words from the story that are peculiar to the terminology of ironworks.
2. Mjolis is a card game of Sweden.
Name a few indoor games played in your region. ‘Chopar’ could be an example.
3.A crofter is a person who rents or owns a small farm especially in Scotland. Think of other uncommon terms for ‘a small farmer’ including those in your language.
### 1. Phrases and Words Specific to Ironworks Terminology
- **Forge:** Refers to a furnace or a hearth where metal is heated and shaped.
- **Blacksmith:** A person who works with iron, especially in forging it.
- **Hammer Stroke:** The forceful hits used to shape heated metal.
- **Anvil:** A heavy iron block used in the shaping of metal.
- **Ironmaster:** The manager or owner of an ironworks.
- **Furnace:** An enclosed structure for intense heating, particularly for melting metals.
- **Charcoal:** Used as fuel in the furnace for heating metal.
- **Bellows:** A device for blowing air into a furnace to increase the heat.
### 2. Indoor Games
- **Chess:** A strategic board game played worldwide.
- **Carrom:** A tabletop game popular in South Asia.
- **Ludo:** A board game derived from the Indian game Pachisi.
- **Scrabble:** A word game where players use letter tiles to create words on a board.
- **Dominoes:** A game played with rectangular tiles with dots representing numbers.
### 3. Uncommon Terms for 'Small Farmer'
- **Peasant:** A farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation.
- **Yeoman:** Historically, a small landowner and farmer in England.
- **Tenant Farmer:** A person who farms rented land.
- **Smallholder:** A person who owns or rents a small piece of land for farming.
- **Kulak:** A term used in Russia for a relatively affluent farmer owning a small farm.
- **Jajmani (जजमानी):** In some parts of India, this term refers to a small farmer who may also provide services to the community.
- **Bhoomihar (भूमिहार):** In some regions of India, this term is used for a small landowning farmer.
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