ncert book solution class 10(first flight chapter 2 Nelson Mandela : Long walk to freedom )

1. Why did such a large number of international leader attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of ? 

1. The attendance of numerous international leaders at an inauguration typically signifies the importance and significance of the event on a global scale. It can symbolize the triumph of democracy, unity, diplomacy, and international cooperation.

2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?

2. When Nelson Mandela says he is "simply the sum of all those African patriots" who had gone before him, he means that his actions, beliefs, and achievements are built upon the efforts and sacrifices of countless African leaders and activists who fought for freedom, justice, and equality before him. He acknowledges that his own role is part of a larger collective struggle for liberation and progress.

3. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela      illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument? 

3. I agree with the statement that the depths of oppression create heights of character. Nelson Mandela illustrates this by giving examples of great heroes of South Africa like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and others who were inspired to sacrifice their lives in the long freedom struggle.

4. How did Mandela's understanding of freedom change with age and experience?

As he grew older, Mandela's perspective on freedom shifted. He began to prioritize the freedom to raise a family and the freedom to earn a livelihood. Over time, he came to the realization that his previous mindset during his boyhood was self-centered. He gradually grasped the fact that it was not only his own freedom that was being restricted, but the freedom of all black individuals.

5. How did Mandela's "hunger for freedom" change his life?

5. The hunger for his own freedom became the hunger for the freedom of his people. This desire for a non-racial society transformed him into a virtuous and self-sacrificing man. Thus, he joined the African National Congress, which changed him from a frightened young man into a bold man.